Understanding the .45-70 Government
History and Origins
The story of the .45-70 is intertwined with the evolution of American military history. Born in the 1870s, it began its life as the official cartridge of the United States Army’s Springfield Model 1873, also known as the “Trapdoor Springfield” rifle. It was a black powder cartridge, a technology that was the cutting edge of its time. It played a significant role in the westward expansion, a time when power and range were paramount. Soldiers and frontiersmen relied on its stopping power and long-range capabilities to deal with a variety of threats, from indigenous peoples to large game. The legacy of the .45-70 remains strong in the hearts and minds of enthusiasts.
Cartridge Specifications
The .45-70, as the name suggests, utilized a .45 caliber bullet, with a bullet diameter of .458 inches. This is significantly wider than the 9mm’s .355-inch diameter. The bullet weights typically range from 300 to over 500 grains, providing immense energy transfer on impact. The brass casing is relatively large, designed to hold a significant amount of propellant, typically black powder or, in modern loadings, smokeless powder. The overall cartridge length is also substantial. This is not a cartridge designed for small, concealed-carry handguns. The overall cartridge length is often around two inches. Modern loads often use a more powerful smokeless powder, increasing both the velocity and energy of the bullet.
Advantages
The primary strength of the .45-70 is its sheer stopping power. The combination of a large bullet diameter and heavy projectile weight translates into significant kinetic energy at the target. This makes it exceptionally effective for hunting large game, such as elk, moose, and even bears. The impact delivers a substantial shock, increasing the probability of bringing the animal down quickly and humanely. The .45-70, at a good distance, can certainly deliver a great deal of damage. Furthermore, due to its design, the bullet has a larger surface area. This enhances the likelihood of a clean and humane kill. The .45-70 also offers impressive long-range potential, especially when used with lever-action rifles. While not inherently a precision cartridge, the long, heavy bullets and powerful propellant can maintain accuracy at distances exceeding several hundred yards, particularly for seasoned shooters.
Disadvantages
However, the .45-70 isn’t without its drawbacks. One of the most significant is recoil. The combination of a heavy bullet, powerful propellant, and often a relatively lightweight rifle results in a substantial kick. It can be tiring for some shooters, especially after extended practice sessions. The .45-70 is not known for its ease of handling. The large cartridge also limits magazine capacity, particularly in lever-action rifles, the platform most commonly associated with this caliber. You’ll typically be limited to a few rounds per magazine, as opposed to the larger capacities found in 9mm firearms. The size of the ammunition itself contributes to increased weight and bulk. A box of .45-70 cartridges will take up more space and weigh more than a comparable number of 9mm rounds. Finally, .45-70 ammunition is often more expensive than 9mm, increasing the cost of practice and overall ownership.
Understanding the 9mm Luger
History and Origins
The 9mm Luger, also known as the 9x19mm Parabellum, has a very different lineage. Developed in Germany in the early twentieth century, it was designed by Georg Luger and was initially adopted by the German military in 1904. It rapidly gained popularity across the globe, becoming a favorite among military and law enforcement agencies. The 9mm has continued to evolve, with improvements and variations over the years. It is a true global powerhouse.
Cartridge Specifications
The 9mm uses a bullet with a .355-inch diameter, a significant difference when compared to the .45-70’s .458-inch. While the bullet diameter is smaller, the 9mm offers a different kind of advantage: velocity. The bullet weights typically range from around 115 to 147 grains, offering a balanced ratio between weight and speed. The cartridge is relatively small and easy to handle. The overall cartridge length is substantially shorter than the .45-70. This facilitates smaller, lighter firearms, and allows for higher magazine capacities.
Advantages
The 9mm’s advantages are numerous and far-reaching. It’s celebrated for its ammunition availability and affordability. 9mm rounds are produced by countless manufacturers worldwide and are readily available at almost any gun store, as well as online retailers. The price per round is generally much lower than .45-70, which is especially advantageous for frequent training and practice. The recoil is generally manageable. This allows for faster follow-up shots and quicker target acquisition. The smaller size of the cartridge, along with the lighter weight, results in higher magazine capacities in most firearms. This is particularly beneficial in self-defense scenarios. The 9mm offers a more user-friendly experience for a wider range of shooters. Many smaller firearms, including concealed carry handguns, are chambered for the 9mm.
Disadvantages
Yet, the 9mm isn’t perfect. Some argue that the 9mm, in comparison to larger calibers, has less stopping power. However, improvements in bullet design and ammunition technology have greatly reduced this gap. The shorter effective range is a factor to consider. The 9mm’s ballistic performance means its effective range is somewhat limited compared to the .45-70. Finally, the lighter bullet can potentially lead to overpenetration. In some scenarios, a 9mm bullet may pass through the target and potentially pose a risk to bystanders.
Direct Comparison: .45-70 vs. 9mm
Stopping Power and Terminal Ballistics
In terms of stopping power and terminal ballistics, there’s a clear difference. The .45-70, with its significantly larger bullet, typically delivers a more substantial initial impact. The larger diameter and heavier bullet often results in greater tissue disruption and a higher likelihood of immediate incapacitation, particularly at close ranges. The 9mm relies more on velocity and bullet design to achieve effective stopping power. Modern 9mm ammunition, with expanding hollow-point bullets, has greatly improved its effectiveness in this regard.
Recoil and Shootability
Recoil is a critical consideration for all shooters. The .45-70 generates a significantly more pronounced recoil. This can make follow-up shots slower and more challenging, particularly for new shooters. The 9mm, with its lighter recoil, is generally much easier to control. This promotes faster, more accurate follow-up shots, a critical advantage in self-defense situations.
Practical Applications
Practical applications significantly shape the choice between the two. For self-defense, the 9mm is often favored because of its manageable recoil, high magazine capacity, and suitability for concealed carry. However, a .45-70 might be chosen for home defense, although the long guns are typically not easily handled in a small space. The ideal use case is in hunting, where the .45-70 shines. It’s particularly well-suited for hunting large game at moderate distances. The 9mm, while suitable for small game hunting, is generally considered less ideal for hunting large, dangerous animals. For target shooting, the 9mm offers a more economical and enjoyable experience for many shooters. The .45-70, while capable of accuracy, is often more expensive to shoot and can be less comfortable for extended practice sessions.
Cost and Availability
The costs associated with ownership, including ammunition expenses, play a substantial role in the decision-making process. 9mm ammunition is readily available and generally more affordable. The price of .45-70 ammunition, due to its specialized nature and the use of more specialized components, is generally much higher. Firearm prices also vary. 9mm handguns and rifles are often available at lower price points than the traditional lever-action rifles chambered in .45-70.
Factors to Consider When Choosing
Intended Use
Ultimately, the choice between .45-70 and 9mm is not a simple one. The selection depends entirely on your specific needs and priorities. The type of use is, of course, the most crucial factor. If you are planning on hunting large game, the .45-70 is typically the better choice. However, if your primary concern is self-defense and concealed carry, the 9mm is generally the better option.
Experience Level
Your shooting experience also plays a crucial role. If you are new to firearms, the 9mm is typically easier to learn with due to the more manageable recoil. The .45-70, with its greater recoil, can be more challenging for beginners. This difference can be essential for developing good shooting habits.
Physical Strength and Build
Physical strength and build are key. The larger recoil of the .45-70 may be a challenge for smaller or less experienced shooters. The 9mm is generally more manageable for a wider range of people.
Legal Considerations
Legal considerations should also be considered. Some jurisdictions have restrictions on the types of firearms or calibers that can be used for self-defense or hunting. Be sure to familiarize yourself with the local laws and regulations.
Conclusion
In the end, the .45-70 and 9mm represent different paths. The .45-70 is a powerhouse, known for its stopping power and long-range capabilities, making it an excellent choice for specific hunting applications. The 9mm is a versatile and practical choice, ideal for self-defense, concealed carry, and recreational shooting. The optimal choice is therefore the one that best aligns with your unique needs and anticipated applications. There is no one size fits all answer.
Ultimately, the best way to determine which cartridge is right for you is to try both. Visiting a gun range and testing out different firearms chambered in both calibers will provide you with a firsthand experience and help you determine which one suits your shooting style, comfort level, and intended use. Researching, and seeking expert advice from firearm professionals, is another effective way to get the information that you need. By doing this you will be able to choose the right tool for your situation.
Call to Action
Do you have experience with either of these calibers? Share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below! We’d love to hear your perspective on .45-70 vs. 9mm. If you found this article helpful, please share it with your friends and family who are interested in firearms and self-defense. Remember, choosing the right firearm cartridge is a crucial decision, so always prioritize safety and responsible gun ownership.
